Gold 1 article

Gold is produced across several distinct African mining belts, including major operations in Ghana, Mali and South Africa. Supply comes from industrial open-pit and underground mines as well as artisanal and small-scale production, with output commonly sold as doré before refining into bullion. Exploration, mine development, refining and export channels together shape the precious-metals value chain, while the mix of industrial and informal production gives gold a different regulatory and commercial profile from many bulk minerals.